Tasirin Alamomin LED da Nunin Halaye a Cikin Wuraren Aiki na Mutum da Robo

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Wannan binciken ya bincika wani muhimmin matsaloli a cikin sarrafa masana'antu na zamani: ingantacciyar sadarwa a cikin wuraren aiki na mutum da robo. Yayin da robobin haɗin gwiwa (cobots) suka karya shingen jiki, har yanzu akwai gibin fahimta da sadarwa. Binciken ya nuna cewa alamomin da ba na magana ba—musamman alamomin LED masu launi a kan ƙarshen aikin robo da nunin halaye mai rai akan kwamfutar hannu—na iya cika wannan gibin, haɓaka aminci da ingantaccen aiki.

Babban hasashe shine cewa haɗa alamomin niyya na aiki (LED) tare da alamomin zamantakewa (nunin fuska) zai fi LED kadai a cikin ma'auni na tsinkayar karon juna, bayyananniyar sadarwa, da fahimtar mai amfani.

2. Hanyar Bincike & Ƙirar Gwaji

An yi amfani da ƙirar cikin-mahalarta don gwada hanyoyin sadarwa da ƙarfi.

3. Sakamako & Bincike

Sakamakon ya bayyana wani hoto mai zurfi kuma mai ɗan sabani.

4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Aiwatar da Fasaha

Ana iya tsara tsarin tsarin. Ana sa ido kan yanayin robo da matsayin mutum $p_h$. Ana ƙididdige filin haɗari $R(d)$ bisa ga nisa $d = ||p_r - p_h||$ tsakanin robo da mutum.

Alamar LED $L$ aikin kai tsaye ne na $R(d)$:

$L = \begin{cases} \text{Kore} & R(d) < \tau_{safe} \\ \text{Amber} & \tau_{safe} \leq R(d) < \tau_{warning} \\ \text{Ja} & R(d) \geq \tau_{warning} \end{cases}$

Inda $\tau_{safe}$ da $\tau_{warning}$ su ne ƙofofin da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar gwaji. Nunin halaye $E$ a cikin yanayin mai amsawa (B) an haifar da shi lokacin da $R(d) \geq \tau_{warning}$. A cikin yanayin mai rigakafi (C), an haifar da shi bisa ga ƙirar tsinkaya na motsin ɗan adam, yana ƙoƙarin nuna niyya kafin $R(d)$ ya kai ƙofar gargaɗi.

5. Bincike Mai Zurfi & Fassarar Ƙwararru

Babban Fahimta: Wannan takarda tana ba da muhimmin gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ga masu ƙira na HRI waɗanda ke sha'awar siffar ɗan adam. Babban binciken sa—cewa "nunin halaye ya ƙara fahimtar mu'amala amma bai inganta aikin aiki ba"—lokaci ne mai mahimmanci. Yana tilasta rarrabuwa na dabarun: shin muna ƙira don haɗa mai amfani ko don ingantaccen aiki? A cikin wuraren aiki na haɗin gwiwa masu matuƙar mahimmanci da ingantacciyar aiki, wannan binciken ya nuna cewa ƙaƙƙarfan alamomin zamantakewa na iya zama kawai "kayan kwalliyar cobot," suna ƙara nauyin fahimta ba tare da riba akan aminci ko sauri ba. Tsiri na LED, alama mai sauƙi, mai rahusa, kuma mara shakka, ya bayyana a matsayin gwarzo mara suna.

Tsarin Hankali & Ƙarfafawa: Ƙirar gwaji tana da ƙarfi. Hanyar cikin-mahalarta tana sarrafa bambance-bambancen mutum, kuma tsarin yanayi mai kashi uku (LED-kawai, mai amsawa, mai rigakafi) yana ware canjin lokacin alamar halaye cikin kyau. Yin amfani da ma'auni na haƙiƙa (bin diddigin motsi) da na ra'ayi (tambayoyi) shine ma'auni na zinariya, yana bayyana muhimmin rarrabuwa tsakanin abin da mutane suke ji da abin da suke yi. Wannan ya yi daidai da binciken a wasu fagagen mu'amalar mutum da na'ura, kamar binciken daga MIT Media Lab akan "fasaha mai natsuwa," wanda ke ba da shawarar ƙirar bayanai wanda ke zaune a gefen hankali har sai an buƙace shi.

Kurakurai & Damar da aka Rasa: Raunin farko na binciken shine girmansa (N=18) da yuwuwar taron mahalarta iri ɗaya (yanayin ilimi), yana iyakance yaduwa ga ma'aikatan masana'antu daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, "nunin halaye" zane ne na zane mai ban dariya akan kwamfutar hannu—wanda ya yi nisa da haɗakar, bayyanannun da aka yi nazari a cikin ingantattun dandamalin zamantakewar robobi kamar Boston Dynamics' Spot ko SoftBank's Pepper. Shin ƙarin bayyanannun jiki ko ƙwararrun bayyanannun zai canza sakamakon? Binciken kuma bai bincika tasirin dogon lokaci ba; sabon abu na nunin halaye na iya ƙarewa, ko kuma amfaninsa na iya ƙaruwa tare da saba, wani abu da aka lura a cikin binciken HRI na dogon lokaci.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga masu aikin masana'antu, umarni suna bayyananne: Ba da fifiko ga bayyananniya fiye da fara'a. Fara zuba jari a cikin ingantaccen sigina na aiki mai ƙarfi, mai sauƙi (kamar yanayin LED da aka ƙera da kyau) wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa yanayin aikin robo. Bayan an kafa wannan tushe ne kawai za ku yi la'akari da ƙara yadudduka na halaye, kuma kawai tare da bayyanannen hasashe game da takamaiman amfaninsu—watakila don rage gajiyar dogon lokaci, inganta aminci a cikin ayyuka masu rikitarwa, ko taimakawa horo. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da ƙa'idar daga aikin farko akan "The Media Equation" (Reeves & Nass)—cewa mutane suna kula da kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin zamantakewa—amma suna ƙara muhimmin faɗakarwa na masana'antu: maganin zamantakewa ba koyaushe yake fassara zuwa ingantaccen aiki ba lokacin da aikin ya kasance na tsari da manufa.

6. Tsarin Bincike & Misalin Lamari

Tsari: "Matrix na Sadarwar Aiki-Zamantakewa"

Wannan binciken ya haifar da tsari mai sauƙi na 2x2 don kimanta hanyoyin sadarwa na HRI:

Aikace-aikacen Lamari: Yi la'akari da layin taron mota inda cobot ke mika kayan aiki masu nauyi ga ma'aikaci.
• Alamar LED (Kayan Aiki Mai Inganci): Hasken kore a kan mai kama yana nufin "Ina riƙe da kayan aiki lafiya, kuna iya ɗauka." Wannan yana da babban amfanin aiki, ƙaramin haɗin kai na zamantakewa. Yana kammala aikin cikin aminci.
• Ƙara Motsin Gyara Kafa (Mafi Kyau): Shirye-shiryen hannun robo don yin ɗan ƙaramin motsi, a hankali "gyara kafa" tare da hasken kore. Wannan zai iya ƙarfafa yanayin "a shirye don mika" (na aiki) yayin amfani da alamar zamantakewa mai fahimta ta halitta, yana iya rage nauyin tabbatar da fahimtar ma'aikacin. Duk da haka, wannan binciken zai yi taka tsantsan, don gwada wannan gyara kafa don tabbatar da cewa yana inganta saurin mika ko ƙimar kuskure, ba kawai abin so ba.

7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba & Hanyoyin Bincike

Wannan binciken ya buɗe hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Matsakaici Masu Daidaitawa & Na Musamman: Tsarin gaba na iya daidaita salon sadarwarsu. Ga sabon horo, robo na iya amfani da LED da nunin halaye don ƙarin tabbaci. Ga ƙwararren ma'aikaci akan aikin maimaitawa, zai iya canzawa zuwa yanayin LED-kawai don matsakaicin inganci, rage nauyin fahimta. Bincike a cikin sarrafa kai daidaitawa daga NASA da fannin tsarin koyarwa mai hankali yana ba da tushe mai ƙarfi ga wannan.
• Bincike na Dogon Lokaci & Yanayin Halitta: Muhimmin mataki na gaba shine matsar daga gwaje-gwajen gida, na gajeren lokaci zuwa binciken filin dogon lokaci a cikin masana'antu na ainihi. Shin ƙimar alamomin zamantakewa tana canzawa cikin makonni ko watanni na haɗin gwiwa? Wannan yana kama da binciken daidaita aminci na dogon lokaci a cikin mu'amalar mutum da sarrafa kai.
• Haɗakar Hanyoyi Da Yawa: Maimakon gwada hanyoyi a keɓe, bincike ya kamata ya bincika mafi kyawun haɗuwa da maimaitawa. Shin ɗan ƙaramin girgiza haptic (misali, a cikin bandeji na wuyan hannu na ma'aikaci) wanda aka haɗa tare da alamar LED zai fi kowane ɗaya, musamman a cikin yanayi mai cike da ruɗani? Fannin mu'amala ta hanyoyi da yawa, kamar yadda cibiyoyi kamar Carnegie Mellon's HCII suka ci gaba, yana da alaƙa kai tsaye.
• Nunin Halaye don Sadarwar Kuskure & Gyaran Aminci: Duk da yake ba ya taimakawa don guje wa karon juna na yau da kullun, nunin halaye na iya zama mai ƙarfi na musamman don sadarwa rashin tabbas na robo, kurakuran tsarin, ko buƙatar taimakon ɗan adam. Fuska "mai ruɗani" ko "mai neman gafara" bayan gazawar kama na iya zama hanya mafi inganci don neman shigar ɗan adam fiye da hasken kuskure mai sauƙi, yana sauƙaƙa gyaran aminci cikin sauri—babban ƙalubale a cikin HRI.

8. Nassoshi

1. Ibrahim, M., Kshirsagar, A., Koert, D., & Peters, J. (2025). Binciken Tasirin Alamomin LED da Nunin Halaye a Cikin Wuraren Aiki na Mutum da Robo. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.14748.
2. Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). The Media Equation: Yadda Mutane Suke Kula da Kwamfutoci, Talabijin, da Sabbin Kafofin Watsa Labarai Kamar Mutane da Wurare na Ainihi. CSLI Publications.
3. Weiser, M., & Brown, J. S. (1996). Ƙirar Fasaha Mai Natsuwa. PowerGrid Journal, 1(1).
4. Goodrich, M. A., & Schultz, A. C. (2007). Mu'amalar Mutum da Robo: Bincike. Foundations and Trends® in Human–Computer Interaction, 1(3), 203-275.
5. Lee, J. D., & See, K. A. (2004). Aminci a cikin Sarrafa Kai: Ƙira don Dogaro Da Ya Dace. Human Factors, 46(1), 50–80.
6. Breazeal, C. (2003). Zuwa ga robobi masu zamantakewa. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 42(3-4), 167-175.
7. MIT Media Lab. (n.d.). Fasaha Mai Natsuwa. An samo daga shafukan aikin da suka dace.