Na'urorin lantarki masu sassauƙa suna wakiltar sauyin tsari a cikin ƙirar na'ura, suna ba da damar tsarin nauyi mai sauƙi, lanƙwasa, da daidaitawa don aikace-aikace tun daga masu sa ido kan lafiya zuwa nuni masu ninkewa. Wani babban matsalar da ke cikin wannan fannin shine haɓaka kayan aiki masu ɗorewa, masu inganci. Yayin da Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) ya kasance ma'auni na masana'antu, rashin ƙarfin sa da ƙarancin indium suna iyakance amfaninsa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nakasar injiniya akai-akai.
Wannan aikin ya gabatar da wata sabuwar madadin: cibiyoyin Platinum (Pt) nanonetworks masu haɗin wutar lantarki da aka kera akan kayan polyimide (PI) masu sassauƙa. Babban ƙirƙira yana cikin tsarin kera wanda ke amfani da maganin yanayi don haifar da rarrabuwar nanophase a cikin fim ɗin Platinum-Cerium (Pt-Ce) alloy da aka ajiye. Wannan tsari yana haifar da hanyar sadarwa ta Pt nanowires da aka saka a cikin matrix na Cerium Dioxide (CeO₂) mai keɓancewa, wanda ya haifar da wani abu wanda ya haɗu da sassauƙar injiniya na musamman tare da ingantaccen aikin wutar lantarki.
Kera Pt nanonetworks tsari ne mai matakai biyu wanda aka ƙera don sauƙi da yuwuwar haɓakawa.
Ana ajiye wani siririn fim (kimanin 50 nm) na Platinum-Cerium (Pt-Ce) alloy a kan wani tsabtataccen kayan polyimide (PI) ta amfani da dabarar deposition na zahiri, kamar sputtering. Zaɓin PI yana da mahimmanci saboda babban kwanciyar hankali na zafi da ingantaccen sassauƙar injiniya.
Daga nan sai a yi wa fim ɗin alloy da aka ajiye maganin yanayi mai sarrafawa a manyan yanayin zafi. Yanayin magani ya ƙunshi cakuda gas na Carbon Monoxide (CO) da Oxygen (O₂). Wannan maganin shine maɓalli ga tsarin:
Nunin Gani: Hoto na 1 a cikin PDF yana ba da zane na wannan tsari, yana nuna canji daga fim ɗin Pt-Ce mai daidaituwa zuwa tsarin Pt (ja hanyar sadarwa) da CeO₂ (kore) akan PI.
Binciken microscopic (misali, SEM, TEM) ya tabbatar da samuwar nanotexture. Pt yana samar da hanyar sadarwa mai ratsawa, kamar gizo tare da girman fasali akan nanoscale. CeO₂ yana samar da lokaci mai katsewa, mai keɓancewa. Binciken ya yi nasara ya zana "tsarin lokaci" na sarrafawa, yana gano takamaiman tagogin lokaci-zazzabi waɗanda ke haifar da hanyoyin sadarwa masu haɗin kai da tsibiran da ba su haɗu ba.
~2.76 kΩ/sq
Juriya na Takarda da aka kiyaye bayan zagaye 1000 na lanƙwasa
1.5 mm
Mafi ƙarancin diamita na lanƙwasa da aka gwada
Pt nanonetworks suna nuna ɗorewar injiniya mai ban mamaki. Juriyar takarda ta kasance a kusan 2.76 kΩ/sq ko da bayan zagaye 1000 na lanƙwasa a diamita daban-daban, har zuwa ƙaramin radius na 1.5 mm. Wannan aikin ya bambanta sosai da ITO, wanda yawanci yana fashewa kuma ya gaza a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi.
Binciken impedance (ma'aunin LCR) ya bayyana babban bambanci a cikin halayen wutar lantarki dangane da siffa:
Wannan sa hannun wutar lantarki yana aiki azaman kayan aikin bincike mai ƙarfi don tabbatar da nasarar samuwar tsarin haɗin gwiwa da aka yi niyya.
Za a iya ƙirƙira kaddarorin wutar lantarki na nanonetwork ta amfani da ka'idar percolation da kimanin matsakaicin matsakaici. Juriyar takarda $R_s$ tana ƙarƙashin haɗin hanyar sadarwar Pt. Don hanyar sadarwa ta 2D percolating kusa da bakin kofa na percolation, ana iya siffanta shi da:
$R_s \propto (p - p_c)^{-t}$
inda $p$ shine juzu'in ƙarar Pt, $p_c$ shine bakin kofa na mahimmanci na percolation, kuma $t$ shine mahimmanci mai mahimmanci (yawanci ~1.3 don 2D). Maganin yanayi kai tsaye yana sarrafa $p$ da haɗin kai, don haka yana daidaita $R_s$.
Halin mai kama da inductor ya taso daga kai tsaye inductance $L$ na madaukai na wayoyi a cikin hanyar sadarwa: $Z_L = j\omega L$, inda $\omega$ shine mitar kusurwa. Halin mai kama da capacitor a cikin tsarin tsibirai ya fito daga capacitance junction $C$ tsakanin tsibirai: $Z_C = 1/(j\omega C)$.
Tsarin don Kimanta Sabbin Masu Gudanar da Sassaƙaƙƙu:
Misalin Lamari - Pt Nanonetwork da Fasahar Gasa: Kwatanta wannan tsarin Pt da daidaitaccen hanyar fesa Ag nanowire. Yayin da Ag nanowires na iya samun ƙananan $R_s$ da farko, sau da yawa suna fama da rashin mannewa, oxidation, da rashin kwanciyar hankali na juriya na junction a ƙarƙashin lanƙwasa. Pt nanonetwork, wanda aka kafa in-situ kuma an saka shi a wani ɓangare, yana iya ba da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na muhalli da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, ko da yake a farashin kayan aiki mafi girma. Binciken zai auna waɗannan ciniki don takamaiman samfur, kamar na'urar binciken rayuwa mai ɗorewa na dogon lokaci inda kwanciyar hankali ya fi aikin wutar lantarki na farko.
Aikace-aikace na Kusa:
Hanyoyin Bincike na Gaba:
Wannan takarda ba kawai game da sabon abu ba ne; yana da darasi a cikin tsarin kera na kayan aiki. Masu bincike sun gano wani wuri mai daɗi a cikin sarrafa kayan aiki—magani na yanayi na binary alloy—wanda kai tsaye yake ƙayyade siffar nanoscale (hanyar sadarwa da tsibirai), wanda kuma yana tsara amsar wutar lantarki na macro-scale (inductive da capacitive). Wannan sarkar dalili daga sigogi na tsari zuwa aiki yana da haske kuma yana wakiltar mahimmin ƙa'idar ƙira don kayan aikin nanomaterial.
Hankali yana da ban sha'awa: 1) ITO ya gaza a injiniya. 2) Hanyoyin sadarwar ƙarfe suna da mafita, amma kera yana da rikitarwa. 3) Mafita: yi amfani da kansa-organizing sinadaran amsawa (rarrabuwar lokaci) don haɓaka hanyar sadarwa in-situ. 4) Tabbatar da yana aiki tare da ingantaccen bayanan wutar lantarki da injiniya. 5) Bayar da cikakken bayanin zahiri ta amfani da LCR don haɗa siffa zuwa lantarki. Gudanar daga matsala zuwa mafita ta roba zuwa halayewa na asali yana da haɗin kai.
Ƙarfi: Hanyar tana da sauƙi fiye da lithography mai matakai da yawa, yana ba da hanyar haɓakawa. Bayanan ɗorewar injiniya (zagaye 1000 a 1.5mm) yana da gamsarwa kuma yana magance matsalar ITO kai tsaye. Yin amfani da LCR azaman kayan aikin bincike na tsari yana da hikima kuma yana ba da haske mai ƙima.
Kurakurai Masu Muhimmanci: Giwa a cikin ɗakin ita ce juriyar takarda na 2.76 kΩ/sq. Wannan yana da matakan girma fiye da ITO (~10-100 Ω/sq) ko ma sauran hanyoyin sadarwar ƙarfe. Ga yawancin aikace-aikacen nuni ko mitar mafi girma, wannan ba shi da farawa. Takardar ta yi watsi da wannan, tana mai da hankali kan kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da Platinum, ƙarfe mai daraja, yana tayar da damuwa mai tsanani game da farashi da haɓakawa don na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, ko da yake yana iya zama da hujja don na'urorin likita na musamman. Tsarin kuma yana buƙatar yanayin zafi mai girma, wanda zai iya iyakance zaɓin substrate.
Ga ƙungiyoyin R&D: Juya daga Pt. Babban ƙirƙira shine tsarin rarrabuwar lokaci. Aikin bin sawu nan da nan ya kamata ya yi amfani da wannan tsarin maganin yanayi ga ƙarin tsarin alloy mai yawa da aiki (misali, Cu-X, Ag-X) don yanke $R_s$ da farashi. Ga masu haɓaka samfur: Yi niyya daidai aikace-aikace. Kada ku yi ƙoƙarin maye gurbin ITO a cikin nunin tukuna. A maimakon haka, ku mai da hankali kan kasuwanni inda amincin injiniya ya fi mahimmanci kuma juriya mafi girma yana iya jurewa—tunanin na'urorin aikin fata na ɗorewa ko na dogon lokaci, inda dacewar Pt ke da babban riba. Nasara ta farko ta kasuwancin wannan fasaha za ta kasance a cikin wani muhimmin ƙima, mai mahimmanci, ba kasuwar gaba ɗaya ba.
Wannan aikin yana tunatar da ni game da farkon kwanakin CycleGAN (Zhu et al., 2017) a cikin hangen nesa na kwamfuta. CycleGAN ya gabatar da ingantaccen tsari, mara kulawa don fassarar hoto zuwa hoto ta hanyar amfani da daidaiton zagaye. Hakazalika, wannan takarda ta gabatar da ingantaccen tsari, in-situ don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin sadarwa masu aiki ta hanyar amfani da amsawar sinadarai mai iyakancewa kanta. Dukansu suna da tushe a cikin tsarinsu, suna ba da sabon "samfuri" don wasu su gina kuma su daidaita da kayan aiki daban-daban (kamar musanya salon fasaha a cikin CycleGAN don daban-daban gami da ƙarfe a nan) don magance ƙarin matsaloli.